Everything about Elffin Ap Gwyddno totally explained
» The variant spelling 'Elphin' may refer to the town of Elphin, County Roscommon, Ireland or the Diocese of Elphin, cathedral in Sligo Town, Co. Sligo, Ireland. Elphin is also a village in Sutherland, Scotland.
In
Welsh mythology,
Elffin ap Gwyddno (
Welsh, also
Elphin) was a son of
Gwyddno Garanhir, 'Lord of
Ceredigion'. The earliest example of the name occurs in several of the mythological poems attributed to
Taliesin in the
Book of Taliesin. The date of their composition is uncertain but probably predates the Norman conquest. Several late medieval compositions refer to Elffin and Taliesin in more detail.
The name Elffin/Elphin may possibly be cognate with two
Irish words "Aill Fion" meaning "Bright Cliff" or "Bright Rock".
Hanes Taliesin
The legend of Elffin's association with Taliesin is given at its fullest in the late medieval prose text
Ystorya Taliesin, the earliest redaction of the tale known as
Hanes Taliesin. In that tale Elffin was extremely unlucky. Gwyddno sent him to a
salmon weir and had him fish. Instead of catching salmon, Elffin found a baby boy and called it Taliesin ("radiant brow"). Along the way back to his father, Taliesin, though still a baby, spoke in beautiful
poetry.
A few years later,
Maelgwn Gwynedd, king of
Gwynedd, demanded that Elffin praise him and his court. Elffin refused, claiming Taliesin was a better bard and his wife a more virtuous woman than anyone the King had in his court. Taliesin knew what was happening, because he was a seer, and told Elffin's wife. Maelgwn's son
Rhun went to Elffin's house to seduce his wife and prove Elffin's claims weren't true. Rhun got her drunk. When she passed out, Rhun tried to take her wedding ring off to prove her unfaithfulness; since the ring wouldn't come off, he cut off her finger. When King Maelgwn attempted to show the finger to Elffin, he pointed out that his wife cut her fingernails more often than the owner of the finger, had servants to knead dough and never had any under her nails, and her ring was loose on her finger, and that one was tight.
Maelgwn demanded Taliesin come to his court to prove the other claim wrong. Taliesin gave twenty minutes for both himself and the King's bards to come up with an epic. The royal bards couldn't do it. When it came Taliesin's time, he caused a massive wind to rattle the castle. Frightened, Maelgwn sent for Elffin. Taliesin's next song caused Elphin's chains to detach. Maelgwn challenged the pair to a horse race. Taleisin arrived the next day with an old, weak horse. As each of the king's horses passed him at the very start of the race, Taliesin touched its rump with a twig of
holly. When they'd all passed, he dropped his hat to the ground. When the king's horses came back, right before the finish line, they stopped at the holly twigs Taliesin had laid there, and began to dance. Taliesin's old horse strolled back in quite a bit later and won the race.
References and further reading
- Patrick K. Ford (ed.), Ystorya Taliesin (University of Wales Press, Cardiff, 1992). ISBN 0-7083-1092-3
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